Voyages in Semiconductor - e's story

Hai everyone I am e back to tell the story of myself.....
After the formation of a barrier i.e... The PN junction the electrons and holes began to search for ways to contact their friends. Though there was a large attraction between the still free electrons and holes the aftereffects of meeting,i.e..the potential barrier prevented them from meeting. Thus began the search for new ways of meeting........

The application of pressure from p and n sides due to pushing of our friends for more space as happens in population explosion like the pressure in the region of war-zone during the diplomatic war status between the two countries like the increase in demand and prices of goods due to blocking of trade route by ottoman Turks leads to the thinning of PN junction just as the area near the border decreases due to employment of more soldiers in the border areas.
Similarly due to deposition of more electrons on N-side of the PN junction due to the sending of electrons from negative terminal of the battery. Similarly at p side the battery extracts all the electrons present in the region leaving behind a large concentration of positive ions or holes which also pushes the holes towards the barrier. This is the state of forward bias. As we gain energy from the battery we prepare to end this border rule i.e.we move towards the barrier in full force and hit it simultaneously. When we have sufficient energy the threshold breaks just like intervention of UNO during a war, just like the angry retort of hungry people. The current flow occurs in the following sequence..

•         The flow of electrons from the battery.
•          The flow of electrons in conduction band in n-region.
•          Recombination of electrons and holes at the junction and conversion into valence electrons with release of energy.
•          Travelling of electrons as valence electrons in p-region.
•          Finally,move as conduction electrons into p side of battery.

Since during this process, due to flow of electrons as  conduction in n region and then recombines and move as valance electrons and similarly through p region to the battery, resistance offered to flow of electrons is very very low.

Thus the barrier is broken for now until another person attacks and occupies (until power from battery is present)…………………………….

On the other hand if there is a pull of majority charge carriers in each of the sides, the barrier width increases, just like the  gap between two persons increases with mutual hatred. In this case the battery does the work of pulling away the current carriers from the junction. Due to pull of electrons from positive side of battery and push of electrons from negative side, the junction gap increases and blocks the flow of current, this implies that the resistance of the PN junction increases. This is called reverse bias of a diode………….

But my counterparts (holes) who were stuck on N side and electrons blocked on P side though are in very less numbers can easily pass through the barrier as the paid customers of ottoman Turks or the monks who take no care about war. That is for minority carriers (the non-doped thermally produced electron hole pairs) the barrier does not matter. For this current the reverse bias acts as forward bias itself. This current is independent of external forces (other than temperature) just as monks are detached from worldly pleasures. This reverse current increases as temperature increases.

Thus diode or PN junction acts as a one way electronic component which provides many uses….  

In my next story let us know about my changes in the junction due to temperature and others and wonders we perform inside the junction………… 

The Semiconductor PN Junction - e's story

Science is a gift of nature 

So is  electronics.Electronics is study of behavior of electron inside materials like semiconductors.Let me take the honor of introducing you to its creator.

Hi, folks this is narrated directly by creator...  e

we electrons are creators of everything. We revolve around a mass as planets in which you live revolve around a energy source, we electrons are carriers of energy but due to our size our energy is limited but we together provide you the energy...
Now I the electron e am going to discuss the formation of a PN junction in a semiconductor.

I was a witness to the formation of a PN junction when my friends were  being removed and inserted by man with/without knowledge. Though we live in different forms in different positions like atoms of different metals, we live like people of India with unity in diversity. We electrons are the origin of conduction….Hence, we control conducting capacity of material.
The excess electrons present in n side due to doping of a semiconductor material with material having excess of us compared to semiconductor material get attracted towards the places of electron deficiency holes in p side due to doping of a semiconductor material with material having less no. of us compared to semiconductor material.
The attraction, between electrons and holes, is like meeting of two long lost friends but it turns out into a nasty war when they get near, a war in which the electrons and holes leave behind heir kith and kin and enter into the war field.

They gain success initially due to recombination of electrons and holes at the cost of losing others, they leave behind their parent atoms, which assume positive and negative charges at n and  p sides. These form an electric field which blocks the way for other electrons and holes to move, like the work of Ottoman Turks when they captured Constantinople. This war left a result like POK in Indo-Pak war, the electrons on n side and holes on other became distant.......

I will discuss the voyages of electrons for new routes and after effects of war in near future.

Republic Day Of India 26 january|republic day parade|SMS and Quotes.

India is now celebrating its 60th republic day.Our constitution has been for 60 years.Lets take a moment to understand republic...


A republic is a form of government in which the head of state is not a monarch and the people (or at least a part of its people) have an impact on its government.The word 'republic' is derived from the Latin phrase res publica, which can be translated as "a public affair".


The Constitution of India came into force, and India declared itself a Republic on January 26, 1950, a date thereafter celebrated annually as Republic Day in India. The 26th of January was initially India's "Independence Day", and the adoption of the Constitution on this date was felt able to strengthen its initial meaning.
To mark this occasion, a grand parade is held in New Delhi, the Capital of India along the Rajpath, past India Gate and on to the historic Red Fort in the old quarter of the city.This parade consists of  various units of infantry,cavalry and other military units along with various groups depicting indian culture and heritage.It is a treat to watch and is presided over by the president of india.A cheif guest who is head of other nation is invited to watch the indian heritage and culture.

Take a look at a piece of INDIA


Here are a few SMS and Quotes to send to your friends on the occassion.

Constitution Gave us

Faith, freedom , Peace an Pride.

So Let's Value the Day it was created

And Wish Happy Republic day with a smile.

31 States,

1618 Languages,

6400 Castes,

6 Religions,

6 Ethnic Groups,

29 Major Festivals &

1 Country!

Be Proud To Be An Indian!…

Great Republic…

We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.

-Albert Einstein

If I were asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed some of its choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solutions, I should point to India.

- Max Mueller (German scholar)




 

Interview |Can you really really make it?

Here are a few more interview jokes i came across:)
Do you reall think you can pass these type of interviews
Interview 1

Employer:Do you have a girlfriend?

Aspirant:yes

Employer:Is it your first love?

Aspirant:No,I had another one before.

Employer:Sorry,You cannot get the job.You may change the Job as you change girlfriends.:)

Interview 2

Employer:Do you have a boyfriend?

Aspirant:yes.

Employer:Is he rich?

Aspirant:No.

Employer:Sorry,You cant get the job,our company deals with rich you may mess it up.:)

Interview 3

Employer:Do you have a boy friend?

Aspirant:yes.

Employer:Is he rich?

Aspirant:very,He has his own company.

Employer:Why do you not work with him?:p

Aspirant:There is no vacancy.

Employer:Your qualification?

Aspirant:Secretary

Employer:Sorry,your beauty may distract my employees.:)

Aspirant:Oh!I have done a lot of make-up,thats-all.:o

Employer:Sorry,Then you dont attract customers.:(

Dont worry Be happy:):):)

Interview |Can you pass this?

Wish you all a very happy and prosperous new year.

I wish U to have a .....
Sweetest Sunday,
Marvellous Monday,
Tasty Tuesday,
Wonderful Wednesday,
Thankful Thursday,
Friendly Friday,
Successful Saturday.
Have a great Year. HAPPY NEW YEAR
For more such quotes visit http://techjuice.co.cc/?p=47
 Here is a list of interview Jokes for you to enjoy and begin the year with a laugh.:):)

Interview 1

Employer:Do you have a girlfriend?

Aspirant:yes.

Employer:Is she in the same city?

Aspirant:No,she is in a different country.

Employer:Sorry,You cant get the job because you are not going to be here permanently and besides we cannot pay for your ISD calls.:o:)

 Interview-2

Employer:Do you have a girlfriend?

Aspirant:No.

Employer:Have you tried searching for one?

Aspirant:Yes,But did not find suitable one.

Employer:If you get a job do you think you will find one?

Aspirant:Job first ,later girlfriend.

Employer:Sorry,You cannot get the job because you dont have PR skills and confidence.:o:)

Interview-3 

Employer:Do you have a girlfriend?

Aspirant:yes.

Employer:Is dhe good looking?

Aspirant:not so good.

Employer:Sorry You cannot get this job because you dont have good taste and my company deals in Arts and we need Artists. :o:)

If you have any answer to above interviews do comment them..

An Extension For the day:.bmp/.dib

.BMP/.DIB

One of the most used extensions in the world of computers since the beginning of usage of images.

BMP stands for bitmap and as the name suggests,it is a map of bits i.e.. 1s & 0s.Here the image is stored in the form of binary data along with depth(intensity) as a multiplier.The coding of this type of file format starts with hexadecimal code in header defining the depth type of file etc..

The BMP file can be divided into parts as below

1. Bmp file header
2. Bitmap information header
3. Color palette
4. Data

The BMP file format or DIB-Device Independent Bitmap is device independent.i.e.. it determines the pixels colour without reference to display device.hence we can record images of varying quality.mostly these type of files or uncompressed or compression is based upon run length variation.i.e.dependent upon the current position of pixel.

Since the file format is simple,and no patent problems it is one of the most widely used format in applications.however the format is large in size due to no compressions.The size of a bitmap image is directly dependent on the size and quality of the image.Mostly RLE(run length encoding) compression or no compression is used.

In computer images are mainly stored in two formats viz..raster format and vector format.In raster format every point is defined whereas in vector format,from the starting point the intensit,distance etc.. are defined.It is like defining the position of bit in different co-ordinate systems(cartesian and spherical for example).Here the bitmap format follows raster format.Ever pixel is defined in terms of intensity of colours (RGB).
The name dib for the extension is used since the format is device independent!.The image quality is independent of the system on which it is being used thereby we can kno that there is no loss in t image by transfom of the same from one system to other.

The bitmap images can be edited using any of the image editors like paint,microsoft picture editor and many other bmp editors.Thus bitmap is an widely accepted uncompressed image format.

Lets know our surroundings-Computer-2

Hello Everybody,

In last post we came to know about input and output devices of a computer.But every machine has input and output.What is then special in case of computer?

The computer processes the information as previously defined.It also stores the data input or output for future reference.Then lets know about the parts of the computer which make itspecial.

Storage devices are mainly classified into optical storage devices and magnetic storage devices. Also as solid-state devices (semiconductor).In magnetic storage data is stored by magnetizing a particular point on the medium due to application of magnetic field by means of electric field with the help of read/write magnetic head. The storage media is divided into several parts for easy accessing of data. The magnetic storage device is nothing but a disk coated with magnetic oxide. A hard disk is a set of aluminum disks coated with magnetic oxide. Due to its circular shape, the disks can be rotated to form a cylinder, the rotation also helps in storing and accessing the data randomly. The speed of rotation of magnetic disks describes the speed (RPM) and performance of a hard disk. The capacity of a hard disk is nothing but amount of data that can be stored in it. It depends on no. of platters (magnetic disks) and in each of the platter data is stored both on top and bottom of the disk. The data is erasable. It is best to choose a hard disk of required capacity.

Modern types of writable RAM generally store a bit of data in either the state of a flip-flop, as in SRAM (static RAM), or as a charge in a capacitor (or transistor gate), as in DRAM (dynamic RAM). RAM is of the read-only type, ROM, instead uses a metal mask to permanently enable/disable selected transistors, instead of storing a charge in them. Many computer systems have a memory hierarchy consisting of CPU registers, SRAM caches, external caches, DRAM, paging systems, and virtual memory or swap space on a hard drive. This entire memory is RAM. The data to be accessed every time a computer starts is recorded on hard disk with its addresses present in ROM.ROM memory is retained even if power is cutoff. Since RAM is vital for speedy access, more the ram better is the choice.

In optical storage devices data is stored in he form of humps and dumps i.e..data is read due to reflection of light by flat surfaces (humps) and scattering of light by pits (dumps).in these devices data storing is easier for first time.Ex: CD, DVD etc.due to rotation of the optical disk a sequence of 1s &0s are obtained which are converted into required information. The speed of an optical reading/writing device is defined in multiples of first device of a speed of 150KB/sec.The greater the speed, better is the performance.

Computers clock speed: every computer has an internal clock which measures the response of other devices connected to computer and synchronizes the speeds for optimum performance. It refers to rate at which the execution of commands takes place. Hence, higher the clock speed better is the performance.

A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on single integrated circuit (IC) .The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using binary-coded decimal (BCD) arithmetic on 4-bit words. Capacity of microprocessors has been known to generally follow Moore's Law, which suggests that the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component doubles and cost halves every two years. Sliced wafer thin, silicon serves as an ideal conductor and insulator for transmitting electrical currents throughout the components of the chip. The finished product is an integrated circuit composed of layers of built-in wiring and transistors. The transistors form a set of registers. A multi-core processor is a single chip with more than one microprocessor, effectively multiplying the performance with the number of cores. Some components, such as cache, may be shared between cores. Because the cores are physically very close they interface at much faster clock rates compared to discrete multiprocessor systems.

Every motherboard has on it a specific processor socket type. This socket will determine the physical packaging of the AMD or Intel processor that can be installed on it. Hence it is necessary to choose motherboard with processor in view.

The number and type of expansion slots and connectors is important for what will be placed in the computer. If you require a specific connector or slot type, such as USB 2.0, Fire Wire or PCI-Express, you want to make sure that you get a motherboard that supports that type of connection. It is always possible to get an expansion card to add some connectors, but not all.