An Extension For the day:.bmp/.dib

.BMP/.DIB

One of the most used extensions in the world of computers since the beginning of usage of images.

BMP stands for bitmap and as the name suggests,it is a map of bits i.e.. 1s & 0s.Here the image is stored in the form of binary data along with depth(intensity) as a multiplier.The coding of this type of file format starts with hexadecimal code in header defining the depth type of file etc..

The BMP file can be divided into parts as below

1. Bmp file header
2. Bitmap information header
3. Color palette
4. Data

The BMP file format or DIB-Device Independent Bitmap is device independent.i.e.. it determines the pixels colour without reference to display device.hence we can record images of varying quality.mostly these type of files or uncompressed or compression is based upon run length variation.i.e.dependent upon the current position of pixel.

Since the file format is simple,and no patent problems it is one of the most widely used format in applications.however the format is large in size due to no compressions.The size of a bitmap image is directly dependent on the size and quality of the image.Mostly RLE(run length encoding) compression or no compression is used.

In computer images are mainly stored in two formats viz..raster format and vector format.In raster format every point is defined whereas in vector format,from the starting point the intensit,distance etc.. are defined.It is like defining the position of bit in different co-ordinate systems(cartesian and spherical for example).Here the bitmap format follows raster format.Ever pixel is defined in terms of intensity of colours (RGB).
The name dib for the extension is used since the format is device independent!.The image quality is independent of the system on which it is being used thereby we can kno that there is no loss in t image by transfom of the same from one system to other.

The bitmap images can be edited using any of the image editors like paint,microsoft picture editor and many other bmp editors.Thus bitmap is an widely accepted uncompressed image format.

Lets know our surroundings-Computer-2

Hello Everybody,

In last post we came to know about input and output devices of a computer.But every machine has input and output.What is then special in case of computer?

The computer processes the information as previously defined.It also stores the data input or output for future reference.Then lets know about the parts of the computer which make itspecial.

Storage devices are mainly classified into optical storage devices and magnetic storage devices. Also as solid-state devices (semiconductor).In magnetic storage data is stored by magnetizing a particular point on the medium due to application of magnetic field by means of electric field with the help of read/write magnetic head. The storage media is divided into several parts for easy accessing of data. The magnetic storage device is nothing but a disk coated with magnetic oxide. A hard disk is a set of aluminum disks coated with magnetic oxide. Due to its circular shape, the disks can be rotated to form a cylinder, the rotation also helps in storing and accessing the data randomly. The speed of rotation of magnetic disks describes the speed (RPM) and performance of a hard disk. The capacity of a hard disk is nothing but amount of data that can be stored in it. It depends on no. of platters (magnetic disks) and in each of the platter data is stored both on top and bottom of the disk. The data is erasable. It is best to choose a hard disk of required capacity.

Modern types of writable RAM generally store a bit of data in either the state of a flip-flop, as in SRAM (static RAM), or as a charge in a capacitor (or transistor gate), as in DRAM (dynamic RAM). RAM is of the read-only type, ROM, instead uses a metal mask to permanently enable/disable selected transistors, instead of storing a charge in them. Many computer systems have a memory hierarchy consisting of CPU registers, SRAM caches, external caches, DRAM, paging systems, and virtual memory or swap space on a hard drive. This entire memory is RAM. The data to be accessed every time a computer starts is recorded on hard disk with its addresses present in ROM.ROM memory is retained even if power is cutoff. Since RAM is vital for speedy access, more the ram better is the choice.

In optical storage devices data is stored in he form of humps and dumps i.e..data is read due to reflection of light by flat surfaces (humps) and scattering of light by pits (dumps).in these devices data storing is easier for first time.Ex: CD, DVD etc.due to rotation of the optical disk a sequence of 1s &0s are obtained which are converted into required information. The speed of an optical reading/writing device is defined in multiples of first device of a speed of 150KB/sec.The greater the speed, better is the performance.

Computers clock speed: every computer has an internal clock which measures the response of other devices connected to computer and synchronizes the speeds for optimum performance. It refers to rate at which the execution of commands takes place. Hence, higher the clock speed better is the performance.

A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on single integrated circuit (IC) .The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using binary-coded decimal (BCD) arithmetic on 4-bit words. Capacity of microprocessors has been known to generally follow Moore's Law, which suggests that the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component doubles and cost halves every two years. Sliced wafer thin, silicon serves as an ideal conductor and insulator for transmitting electrical currents throughout the components of the chip. The finished product is an integrated circuit composed of layers of built-in wiring and transistors. The transistors form a set of registers. A multi-core processor is a single chip with more than one microprocessor, effectively multiplying the performance with the number of cores. Some components, such as cache, may be shared between cores. Because the cores are physically very close they interface at much faster clock rates compared to discrete multiprocessor systems.

Every motherboard has on it a specific processor socket type. This socket will determine the physical packaging of the AMD or Intel processor that can be installed on it. Hence it is necessary to choose motherboard with processor in view.

The number and type of expansion slots and connectors is important for what will be placed in the computer. If you require a specific connector or slot type, such as USB 2.0, Fire Wire or PCI-Express, you want to make sure that you get a motherboard that supports that type of connection. It is always possible to get an expansion card to add some connectors, but not all.

Lets know our surroundings-Computer

Hello everyone,

This is a new category i am starting to know about the things which we use.These days our life has become so mechanical that we act almost like robots...!its no great achievement because robots don't have intelligence.we do the things just to do it and don't understand what is in it.Hence in this category we will know the most known yet unknown things.keep tuned .your comments are most valued..

Lets know computer -1..

Every person who is reading this is using a computer.But do we really understand the computer?how it works?Any person gives the definition that computer is an electronic device that accepts input,process it and gives output.But every person can define computer according to his own needs.

Hence we may have as many definitions as the no. of people using computer!

Are you novices in the field of computers, do not worry after reading this blog post you will become an expert. In this blog we are going to know the hardware of a computer….

Computer is a digital electronic device i.e.it deals with 0s and 1s.computer basically converts any data into its understandable form i.e. machine level language. 1s mean the state of on & 0s mean state of off.

A computer basically consists of input output storage and processing devices.

Let us start from input devices .input devices include keyboard, mouse, scanner etc... Keyboard converts the input data given into a corresponding ASCII (American standard code for information interchange) code. The ASCII code is converted into binary number and is sent through PS/2 connector, which not only accepts data from key board but also powers the key board. Keyboard contains a circuit, which generates the necessary ASCII code when a key is pressed. This data is converted to binary and the required action takes place.

MOUSE stands for mechanically operated universal serial engine. Mouse is a pointing device in the shape of a real mouse. The mechanical movements of a mouse is converted into electrical signals in the mouse using rotational movements of a ball or optical changes ,the mouse’s tail normally ends with PS/2 port(connecting wire).

The other devices also convert different signals into digital logic and fed to computer through ports of motherboard.

Output devices: output devices are devices which displays output. Output is nothing but processed data.monitor, printer etc are some of examples of output devices. Monitor works o he concept of persistence of vision of a human eye. In monitor the screen is divided into several lines which are scanned at a certain time. The intensity of electrical signal gives the description of image (color), thus due to high speed of scanning of lines, an constant image is formed. In an LCD monitor, each pixel has a circuit.It is better to choose an LCD monitor since it consumes less power.

A printer is a device, which converts electrical data into physical format (hard copy) .In a printer a set of electrical signals, activates certain part of printing device thus enabling the required image to be formed on the printed page.

Output devices: output devices are devices which displays output. Output is nothing but processed data.monitor, printer etc are some of examples of output devices. Monitor works o he concept of persistence of vision of a human eye. In monitor the screen is divided into several lines which are scanned at a certain time. The intensity of electrical signal gives the description of image (color), thus due to high speed of scanning of lines, an constant image is formed. In an LCD monitor, each pixel has a circuit.It is better to choose an LCD monitor since it consumes less power.

A printer is a device, which converts electrical data into physical format (hard copy) .In a printer a set of electrical signals, activates certain part of printing device thus enabling the required image to be formed on the printed page.

An Extension For the day:.exe

Hello folks,

This is my new section, while studying most of the software behaviour,I understood that studying extensions does a lot of help.Thus in this section let us study together and understand every extension one by one and try its manipulations...........................

Today's Extension |.exe

What is an .exe file ?

An exe file is an file extension for executable files.EXE is the common filename extension denoting an executable file in any os.

Did You know that .exe file being the most used file is also the most vulnerable file for virus attackssince virus spreads quickly this way.

".exe" is one of the most well known extensions.The extension is used by almost all operating systems. well since it is the final step of any computer action i.e.. execution.Well an execution normally stands for end of life whereas the execution in a computer is the beginning of electronic functions i.e.. The Action begins.....

".exe" files are not only just the files ready for processing, it is also used for storing data temporarily on RAM for ready reckoning of data.the execution file in earliest operating system DOS was the basic for running any file.now the ".exe" files also dictates its appearance on screen(Graphical user interface).The .exe file holds resources like images,icons etc..

The .exe files in each of operating system is coded in differently in beginning to define the compatibility of thr program.Normally the .exe file is the final step of any program and to edit it the whole of program must be edited but since it is also a storage file, it might be a storehouse of viruses!

.exe files can be edited using certain software like PE editor.

Resources mean the data stored in executable file which is necessary for the work to be done by it when processed.It is like data necessary for execution of a program like time in calculation of velocity.It is normally of read only type and cannot be changed once in executable file.there are a set of specific resources for every operating system used to define area,type etc..Examples for resources are cursor,icon,font,string etc..these type of files are normally stored in either executable files or dll files.

Since the .exe file is not just a set of codes and also contains many data(resource) it cannot be edited by a normal text editor.The executable file is now a pack which contains multiple data items in many formats.Hence an exe file editor must understand the code of different programs and separate it.The executable file may be opened by packing and unpacking files sometimes for this reason.The exe file editor normally allows us to edit the resource files by unpacking exe file saves the changes and packs exe file again just like upgrading of a computer where a new component replaces the old one and same computer becomes faster.

The executable files in each version of OS is coded differently and each has its own drawbacks.all the executable files are differentiated by an ASCII coding at beginning of exe file or they have a certain hexadecimal value....

Worldine:Lets learn together

Hello World!!!

I am Udaya,a student of Telecommunication engineering.This is my blog.Here I would be expressing my views on different topics.

What is WORLDINE ?

Worldine stands for World in E. 'E' stands for everytthing.Did you know that the letter E is the most used alphabet in english.For the most used alphbet search on net you would find following result.

"According to a study done by AskOxford, using thier Concise English Dictionary, these are the most common letters in the English language. The letter "E" is the most common, 57 times more common than the letter "Q." (rounded percentages) "

Most people do things mechanically like a machine rather than undestaning what is to be done and then doing it.Henceforth in my blog I am going to write the the aticles by learning and also learn by writing just as a teacher learns from a student and student from a teacher.I hereby welcome all readers to learn with me....

I would like my readers to imagine my blog as a companion to discuss.your feedback is most valid to me and i request you to give them by comments.In my blog I would be writing articles from my point of view and would like to know others take on it.

I would be starting with articles about extensions,knowing our sorroundings etc....